Design Principle of the Straw Shredder (Crusher)
The straw shredder (crusher) is mainly used for crushing branches and crop wastes such as leaves. The crushed scraps are also used to make fertilizer, and the quality requirements for the chips are not demanding. The main requirements for the machine are small size, simple structure, convenient movement and easy operation. This article explains the design principle of the cutting system and the main structure of the machine.
1. Overall Design Approach
The machine is designed to meet the requirements of larger cutting diameter and moment balance. The feed port and discharge port have been improved, and the cutter head maintains a certain thickness to increase its rotational inertia, which prevents the cutter head from fluctuating too much during the cutting process.
2. Cutting System Design
Two wind blades are installed on the cutter head; the wind generated during the rotation of the cutter head blows out the cut chips. According to the engine power requirements of the shredder, the production capacity of the branch pulverizer is determined, and the appropriate number of flying knives, cutting power and cutting force are calculated. The protruding amount of the flying knife can be adjusted to ensure the cutting quality of the machine. The tapered roller bearing is selected to cooperate with the main shaft, and belt drive is used for power transmission.
3. Main Structure
The main body of the straw shredder is an independent rectangular cylinder, on which a closed bearing seat is installed to connect with the powder hopper. The powder hopper extends out of the machine, and a V-shaped chassis is installed underneath, allowing the unit to be placed indoors and used anywhere.
4. Gearbox
The rotor is driven by a worm gear with a speed ratio of 1:12. Oil can be stored in the box to ensure good lubrication of the gears and noiseless operation. There is a sight glass on the box to observe the operation and the oil level. The outer end of the worm gear is equipped with an eccentric shaft that drives the rack to reciprocate.
5. Crushing Drum (Rotating Drum)
The rotating drum of the crusher is placed horizontally under the powder hopper, with bearing supports at the front and rear, and it rotates backwards and forwards through the transmission of the rack. The front bearing cover on the end face is movable: unscrew a wing nut, and the bearing cover and the rotating drum can be pulled out. Convex square rings at the two ends of the drum are embedded in the bearing chamber, preventing oil stains from infiltrating the powder and preventing sticking and plugging.
6. Motor Frame
The motor frame is fastened with screws, and the motor is installed on an iron plate. When the screw is rotated, the motor moves up and down to adjust the belt tension.
7. Screen Clamp
The screen clamp is installed on both sides of the rotating drum and is made of steel pipe with a long groove in the middle. The two ends of the screen are embedded in the groove, and the flower-shaped handwheel is rotated to wrap the screen on the outer circle of the rotating drum. Gears in the handwheel support the screen, and the tightness can be adjusted.